Incontinence

Including functional, neurogenic and non-neurogenic bladder disorders leading to urinary incontinence.

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Incontinence may be daytime, night-time or both. The vast majority of disorders are functional rather than anatomical, and are much harder to treat.

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Functional disorders include overactive or underactive bladders, giggle incontinence and detrusor sphincter dysnergia. Neurogenic bladders occur in people with disorders of the nervous system such as spina bifida and require long term management. 

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Assessment includes accurate identification of voiding habits, bladder assessment, imaging and functional assessment of the bladder (urodynamics).

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Management includes bladder behavioural modification, medication and, very rarely, surgical intervention.